Chapter 2: Okinawans in America

• The San Francisco Period: Arrival in America
  • Background
  • First Okinawan in the United States
  • First Direct Arrival to the United States
  • Other Early Direct Immigrants
  • Earliest Immigrants via Hawaii
  • First Steps
  • The First Okinawan-owned Restaurant
  • Creation of the Okinawan Kenjinkai
  • Those Who Came After 1902
  • The First Okinawan-Non-Japanese (Hakujin) Marriage
  • San Francisco Earthquake
• The Los Angeles Period
  • Los Angeles
  • The First of Those Coming Up Through Mexico
  • Division in the Los Angeles Community
  • First Okinawan Agriculture in America
  • The School Segregation Issue and Ban on Immigration
  • Sending for Wives
  • Okinawan Pioneers in Produce Marketing
  • California’s Anti-Japanese Laws
  • Ban on Picture Brides
  • Ban on Immigration
  • Okinawans in the Fishing Industry
  • Field Piece-work Boys
  • The Reimeikai
  • The Zaibei Okinawa Seinenkai
  • The Okinawa Kaigai Kyõkai

 

Chapter 3: Okinawa Kenjinkai of America

• Okinawa Seinenkai of America
  • Creation of the Okinawa Seinenkai
  • On the Long Beach Incident
  • The Arashiyama Affair
  • Seinenkai Picnic
  • Oganeku Repatriation Case
  • Conclusion
• Fund-raising Controversies and the Okinawa Seinenkai
  • Kowa Matayoshi’s Visit
  • Shigo Toma’s Visit
  • The Visit of Fuyu Iha
  • Kenwaw Kanna’s Visit
• The Founding of the Okinawa Kenjinkai of America
  • Background
  • Birth of the Kenjinkai
  • 1935
  • 1936
  • 1937
  • 1938
  • 1939
  • 1940
  • Crisis in the Pacific an Japanese Americans: How Do We Deal With It?
• Founding of the Okinawa Kyokai of America
  • Founding of the Okinawa Kyokai
  • The Celebration Picnic
• War-Time
  • Executive Order No. 9066
• War-time Internment
  • Life in the Japanese American Relocation Camps
  • Life in the Relocation Camps
• Okinawans Entering from Peru
  • Moving to America from Peru
  • Harsh Immigration Laws and the American Prisoner Exchange
  • Native-born Peruvian Internees After the War
  • The Peru Club in Los Angeles
  • List of the Peruvian Okinawan Internees

 

Chapter 4: Okinawa War Damage Relief and Reconstruction Movement

• Background to the Relief and Reconstruction Movement
• The End of the War and Okinawan Feeling in the United States
• Trip to Japan to Survey the Condition of the War Victims
• From Tokyo to Kyushu
• Okinawan Refugees from Davao
• Report on the Condition of the Okinawans in Japan Immediately After the War
• Return from Japan
• Appeal to Our Fellow Okinawans Overseas
• Report on the Okinawan Refugees in Japan and the Okinawan Islands
• Appeal to MacArthur Headquarters
• “Help the Homeless Okinawan School Children”
• The Postwar Okinawan War Damage Relief Movement
• Origin of the New York Okinawa Relief Committee
• The Okinawan Relief Movement Receives Government Recognition
• Organizing Tour for a National Organization
• Formation of the Okinawa Relief League of America
• Formation of the Los Angeles Relief Committee
• By-Laws of the Okinawa Relief League of America
• Activities of the Okinawa Relief League
• Activities of the Local Committees
• Annual General Meeting of the Okinawa Relief League
• Second Annual General Meeting of the Okinawa Relief League
• Birth of the Peruvian Group’s American Okinawa Relief Organization
• Birth of the Mexican Okinawa War Refugee Relief Society
• Proposal for a Joint Secretariat of the Overseas Okinawan Organizations
• Chief Executive of Okinawa Shikiya’s Reply to the Los Angeles Committee
• From Relief League to Reconstruction
• The 1949 Annual General Meeting of the Okinawa Reconstruction League
• Reconstruction League Officers’ Meeting
• Meeting of the National Board of Directors
• First Overseas Students After the War
• Reply from the Okinawan Civilian Administration
• Chief Executive Shikiya’s Request Concering the Overseas Students
• Appeal from the Okinawan Cultural Association in Tokyo
• Request from the Okinawan National Student Council
• Second National General Meeting of the Okinawan Reconstruction League
• Statement of the Hawaiian Okinawa Reconstruction League
• National Okinawan Reconstruction Picnic
• Third National Meeting of the Okinawa Reconstruction League
• National Officers’ Meeting
• Second Tour of Inspection of America by the Okinawan National Leaders
• An Extraordinary General Meeting of the Okinawan Reconstruction League
• National Population and Employment Survey of Persons of Okinawan Descent
• A Few Words on the Last Publication of the Kaibo Bulletin
• Communications

 

Chapter 5: Okinawa Club of America

• History of the Okinawan Club
  • 19541955
  • 1959
  • 1963
  • 1964
  • 1965
  • 1966
  • 1967
  • 1968
  • 1969
  • 1970
  • 1972
  • 1974
  • 1975
  • 1976
  • 1977
  • 1978
  • 1979
  • 1980
• The Fujinbu – Women’s Department
  • 1954
  • 1955
  • 1956
  • 1957
  • 1959
  • 1960
  • 1961
  • 1962
  • 1963
  • 1964
  • 1965
  • 1966
  • 970-1971
  • 1974-1976
  • 1977-1979
  • 1980
• The Seinenbu, Young People’s Department
• By-Laws of the Okinawa Club of America
• Activities in Other Regions
  • Washington, D.C.
  • New York City Chicago “Friends from Okinawa” Society
  • The San Francisco Area
  • Florin Area
  • Fresno Area
  • Arizona
  • Denver

 

Chapter 6: Work

• Okinawan Businesses in the Los Angeles Area
• Chodo Okutake
• Yuko Oshiro
• Ka’ei and Masuei Kamiya
• Tom Seikichi and Tsuruko Asato
• Eigoro Chinen
• Shincho and Miyo Kinjo
• Toku and Yoshiko Tamaki
• Masaru and Kazuko Nakata
• The Late Tokuju and Tsuru Uehara
• Shinsuke and Tom Taira
• Kitaro and Hana Yamagawa
• Roy Gensei and Tomoe Oshiro
• Kokyu Tamaki
• Kame and Kamado Noguni
• Doshu and Kana Tokeshi
• Hideharu and Hideko Taise
• Matsuji and Shizuko Shima
• Eishu and Tsuru Oshiro
• Taisa and Tsuru Yamahashi
• Choshin and Utaki Higa
• Anko Hirashiki and Kamado Ota
• Shukyoku and Ethel Sayoko Kamiyama
• Kotoku Gushiken
• Zentei and Hisa Oshiro
• Toshio and Yoshino Higa
• Tokusei and Toshiko Ikehara
• Shigemori and Kame Tamaki
• Mikio (Mickey) Yoshitake
• Yoshiharu Higa
• Dick Morimasa Nishihira
• Others
• Okinawa Farming Around Los Angeles
• Immigrant Farmers from Okinawa
• Okinawan Farmers after the War
• Trade and Agriculture in Imperial Valley Among the Okinawans
• Imperial Valley, a Brief Description
• Life and Conditions in the Okinawan Settlements
• The First Settlers
• Movement to El Centro and Heber Areas
• Movement to the Niland Area
• Farming and Shipping
• Okinawans in the Shipping Business
• Restaurants
• Pool Halls
• Grocery Stores in Brawley
• The End of Okinawan Farming and Trade
• Okinawan Fishing
• Pioneer in Oyster Farming: Shinsho Miyagi
• The Miyagi Family Monument
• Others in the Fishing Industry
• Railroad Workers
• Gardening
• The Beginning
• War and Conscription
• End of the War
• Return to Gardening Work
• Spread of Okinawan Music
• Evolution of Landscaping and Gardening Work
• Gardening and Bonsai
• The Gardeners’ Associations and the Federation
• Organization and Purpose of the Federation
• Activities of the Okinawan Members
• Gardening Work Now
• The Future of Japanese American Gardeners
• Life of the Early Okinawan Migrant Farmworkers
• The "Blanket Boys"
• Initial Condition of the Migrant Farmworkers
• Trail of the Migrant Farmworker
• The Wheel of History
• Fruitstand Boy
• Miscellaneous Notes

 

Chapter 7: Cultural Activities

• Sports
  • Baseball (Before the War)
  • Tennis and Ping Pong
  • Golf Karate
  • Baseball (After the War)
• Literature
  • Introduction
  • Tanka
  • Ryuka-Okinawan songs
  • Shi-Poems
  • Haiku
  • Short Stories
  • Essays
  • Works by Okinawan Individuals and Organizations in America
• Performing Arts
  • “Rabbit Dance” on Television
  • Okinawan Performing Arts in Southern California (The Pioneers)
  • Chusuke Iha (Pioneer)
  • Okinawa Performing Arts (The Picnic)
  • The Hokubei Okinawa Geino Kenkyukai
  • The Ryukyu Ongaku Dokokai
  • North American Branch of the Nomura-ryu Ongaku Kyokai
  • Katsujiro Nakasone
  • Formation of the Hokubei Okinawa Geino Hozonkai
  • Rykoin Nakama
  • The Normura-ryu Miyagi Genseikai
  • Eikichi Miyagi
  • Isokichi Kanashiro
  • The Nomura-ryu Ongaku Kenkyukai in Los Angeles
  • Gen’ei Hokama
  • Genjiro Sakihara
  • Yaju Ganiku
  • Yuki Onaga
  • Matsumitsu Oyakawa
  • Matsuko Tokeshi
  • The Oyakawa Shinseikai
  • Kimiko Miyahira
  • Jiute
  • Dancers
  • Okinawa Taiko Drum Study Group
  • The Eisa Paranku (Prayer Drum) Club
  • Sumi Kawakami
  • Keiko Tomoyose
  • Maji-kina Aiko
  • Misako Arakaki
  • Yasukazu Takushi
  • Progress of the Nomura-ryu Sokyoku Hokubei Koyokai Branch
  • Koto Music Societies in North America
  • Miyo Miyagi
  • Sachiko Kakzau
  • Haruko Shikiya
  • Kameyo Yagi
  • Natsuko Nakaya
  • The Shima Minyo (Folk Music) Club
  • The Nomura-ryu Ongaku Hozonkai
  • Seiryu Oshiro
  • An Evening Concert of Okinawan Music
  • American Ryukyuan Friendship Concert
  • The Charm of Okinawan Dance
  • The Nisei Week Festival Parade
• Activities of the Cultural Department of the Okinawa Club
  • Junior Golf Club
  • Bonsai Club
  • The Sight-seeing Group
  • Public Lecture Group
  • Go Club
• Religion
  • Buddhism Among Okinawans
  • Christianity

 

Chapter 8: Profiles of Okinawan Individuals in North America

• Portraits of the Pioneers
  • Kamado Ota: Okinawan Pioneer Produce Merchant
  • Gongoro Nakamura: A Man Who Served the Japanese Community
  • Seishu Aniya
  • Hiroshi
  • Yoshizato
  • Shukyoku Kamiyama
  • Kosuke Uema
  • Seiei Taira
  • An Episode in the Life of Tokuta Nishime
  • Sanra Yakahi
  • Anko An Episode in the Life of Tokuta Nishime
  • Sanra Yakahi
  • Anko Hirashiki
  • Toshiko Hirashiki
  • Chodo Okutake
  • Shinsuke Taira
  • Tom Kasuzo Taira
  • Iho Tamaki
  • Kenden Yabe
  • Seishin Taira
  • Chushichiro Kaneshi
  • Seijuro Uyema
  • Koyu Taira
  • Kitaro Yamagawa
  • Zen’ei Nakaya (formerly, Kadekaru)
  • Shingi Nakamura
  • Uwa Mayeshiro
  • Tokujin Asato
  • Kintaro Yogi
  • Takashi Higa
  • Gen’ei Hokama
  • Zenshiro Teruya
  • Jinkichi Matsuda
  • Shinsei Kochi
  • Shoko Naku
  • Shigemori Tamaki
  • Ka’ei Kamiya
  • Yoshihiko Onaga
  • Choshin Higa
  • Ren’yu Higa
  • Edward Shoichi Tamae
  • Charles Masuei Kamiya
  • Eigoro Chinen
  • Tsugo Miyashiro
  • Kin’ei Toyama
  • Kishiro Nakada
  • Koki Nakamura
  • Eisho Kishimoto
  • Frank Higashi (formerly, Agariye)
  • Tokko Hamamoto
  • The Venerable Nanshin Okamoto
• Other Contributors to the Okinawan Community and Its Organizations
• Profiles of Prominent Okinawan Nisei
  • Kei Uchima
  • Sumio Matsuda
  • Edward Tokeshi
  • Shoan and Shizuko Yamauchi
  • Fred Mitsuo Shima
  • William Ginoza
  • Carl Minoru Tamaki
  • Yuki Oshiro
  • Frank (Tatsuo) Ige
  • Yoshio Kinjo
  • George Ige
  • Robert Jun Higa
  • Robert Masao Nakamura
  • Haruo Yamashiro
  • Roger Akira Tamaki
  • Lieutenant Commander Neil Oshiro
  • Dr. Hideo Asato
  • Dr. Evan Oyakawa
  • Minoru Paul Nakada and Henry Asato
  • Gen’ichi Paul Miyahira
  • Chieko Kamisato
• Unity and Progress Among the Okinawans in the Outskirs of Los Angeles
  • James Takeichi OShiro
  • Matsutoshi Sunabe
  • Shigeo Oshiro

 

Chapter 9: Reminiscences

• My Sixty Years in Washington, D.C. by Shokan Shima
• Tokuta Nishime Remebered by Kenden Yabe
• The Struggles of the First Women Immigrants by Takeo Kaneshiro
• The Nisei and Renunciation of Citizenship by Takeo Kaneshiro
• The Popular "Koji from Nago" by Shigemori Tamaki
• The Long Life of Mrs. Hana Yamagawa by Shigemori Tamaki
• My Arrival in America and the San Francisco Earthquake by Ansei Takehara
• A Contribution to the "History of the Okinawa People in North America" by Tojin Taira
• Memories of the War by Koyo Tamanaha
• Fifty Years of Life in America by Choshin Oda
• Pioneer Graves by Jikai Yamazato
• The Southern California Branch of the Okinawa Kaigai Kyokai by Shoko Nakamura
• Formation of the Okinawa Kenjinkai of Southern California by Eigoro Chinen
• The Long Beach Incident and the Southern California Branch of the Okinawa Kaigai Kyokai by Jack Yamashiro
• Sad Tale of an Immigrant (Imin Aiwa) by Shinsei Kochi
• Appendex: Register of Names
• Donors List for the Okinawa Kyuen/Fukko Renmei Fund
• The Record of Deceased Okinawans in North America and the War Dead
• Afterword
• Photograph Section
• Index of Names
• Index of Organizations, Okinawan Music, Dance and Selected Publications

List of Illustrations

• Keizo Kawatsu’s Grave
• Original Members of the Reimeikai
• Mrs. Pratt, Granddaughter of Dr. B.J. Bettelheim
• President Franklin D. Roosevelt
• English Section
• Seikichi Toyama’s Wedding
• Monument at Manzanar Relocation Camp
• Nisei Week Young People’s Department
• Nisel Week: The Fujinbu
• Memorial Service for the American Okinawan Dead
• Florin People, Around Modesto
• Fresno Okinawa Fujinkai
• The First Japanese Christian Group in Arizona
• Okutake Chodo’s Restaurant
• Star Produce Co.
• A Farming Scene from Imperial Valley Around 1927
• A Farming Scene from Imperial Valley Around 1930
• The OK Seinenkai Baseball Team
• Kentsu Yabe
• Dance by Eisho Kishimoto
• Majikina Aiko
• Misao Arakashi
• Bonsai by Frank Goya
• Work by Eisho Kishimoto
• Kamada Oto
• Gongoro Nakamura
• Chodo Okutake
• Kenden Yabe
• Tokujin Asato
• Gen’ei Hokama
• Chosuke Miyahira
• Jinkichi Matsuda
• Shinsei Kochi
• Shigemori Tamaki
• Nanshin Okamoto
• Grave of Ryoko Uesato
• Mr. and Mrs. James Oshiro
• Shokan Shima
• Tomb of Tokuta Nishime
• Koji of Nago
• Anmen Takehara
• Editorial Committee of the Hokubei Okinawajin Shi
• Nisei Review Committee

 

Photograph Section

 

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